Elk

Abstract The Olympia Field Station was established in the late 1950s in cooperation with public agencies and private companies concerned with reforestation losses caused by wildlife. The Olympia, WA, Field Station and its satellite, the Bend, OR, Field Station (established in 1970), formed the Forest-Animal Research Project of the US Fish and Wildlife Service, and after 1985, of the USDA’s APHIS Animal Damage Control program. Initial studies focused on seed coatings and repellents to reduce losses...